Volume 14 | Issue 6 | June 2026

 Abstract

This work explores the hypothesis that evolutionary dynamics analogous to Darwinian natural selection may extend beyond biological systems and operate throughout the physical Universe. Starting from the observation that living organisms themselves emerge from physical matter governed by universal laws, the study investigates whether principles such as variation, stability, persistence, selection, integration, and elimination may also characterize the evolution of elementary particles, atoms, stars, thermodynamic systems, spacetime, motion, and fundamental interactions. A comparative analysis of multiple physical domains reveals recurrent organizational patterns compatible with cumulative evolutionary behavior. Across different physical scales, stable configurations tend to persist over long timescales, whereas unstable structures decay, transform, or disappear. Increasing complexity frequently emerges through the integration of pre-existing systems, similarly to the progressive organization observed in biological evolution. Atomic structures, stellar populations, thermodynamic regimes, and large-scale cosmic organization all appear to exhibit forms of structural selection constrained by environmental and energetic conditions. Within this framework, spacetime, mass, motion, thermodynamic laws, and even the hierarchy of fundamental interactions are interpreted not necessarily as immutable entities established instantaneously at the origin of the Universe, but potentially as components of a progressively evolving physical system. The apparent separation between quantum and gravitational regimes may therefore reflect different organizational and evolutionary scales of the same underlying physical reality rather than fundamentally incompatible descriptions. The proposed framework also suggests several possible conceptual implications for cosmology. These include the gradual co-development of matter and spacetime, the coexistence of overlapping evolutionary structures across cosmic history, and the possibility that certain observational tensions in modern cosmology may be compatible with cumulative and partially asynchronous evolutionary processes occurring over extremely long timescales. Similarly, cosmic expansion may be interpreted also as an ongoing evolutionary process involving the progressive differentiation and separation of matter within expanding spacetime. The present hypothesis remains highly speculative and currently lacks a predictive mathematical formalism capable of generating quantitative physical predictions. The proposed interpretations should therefore be considered conceptual and heuristic rather than demonstrative physical models. Nevertheless, recent developments in particle physics, cosmology, and complexity science suggest that some aspects of matter formation and large-scale cosmic organization may already be compatible with dynamic and evolutionary interpretations of physical reality. By proposing a common evolutionary language applicable across traditionally separated scientific domains, this work aims to stimulate interdisciplinary discussion among cosmology, theoretical physics, thermodynamics, complexity science, and evolutionary theory toward a broader understanding of the Universe as an evolving, multi-domain system.

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universe, evolution, natural selection, matter, spacetime, life

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Digital sculpting has emerged as one of the most significant developments in contemporary art and design over the past two decades. By enabling artists to model, carve, texture, and detail three-dimensional forms using specialized software, it has expanded the creative possibilities of sculptural practice in ways that were previously unimaginable. This paper examines the impact of digital sculpting on contemporary art and design, tracing its evolution from early polygon-based modelling systems to the advanced virtual sculpting environments available today. Through a case study methodology focusing on the practices of Anish Kapoor, L.N. Tallur, Harsha Durugadda, Barry X Ball, and Oliver Laric, the study investigates how digital tools have transformed methods of artistic production, challenged conventional understandings of authorship and originality, and created new relationships between physical and virtual modes of making. The paper also examines key digital sculpting techniques including voxel-based sculpting, polygonal modelling, dynamic surface detailing, and 3D scanning, and discusses the applications of these methods across fine arts, product design, jewelry, fashion, and cultural heritage preservation. The study concludes that digital sculpting is not a replacement for traditional sculptural practice but a profound extension of it, one that demands new critical frameworks and expanded pedagogical approaches.

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Digital sculpting, contemporary art, Z Brush, 3D printing, artistic practice, design, fabrication, authorship, materiality, Indian sculpture

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

यह एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण शोध विषय है। उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर (Higher Secondary Level) विद्यार्थियों के जीवन का एक संधिकाल होता है, जहाँ वे न केवल शैक्षणिक दबाव का सामना करते हैं, बल्कि शारीरिक और मनोवैज्ञानिक परिवर्तनों से भी गुजरते हैं। शिक्षा का मुख्य उद्देश्य केवल ज्ञानार्जन नहीं, बल्कि व्यक्तित्व का सर्वांगीण विकास है। उच्चतर माध्यमिक स्तर पर विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षिक उपलब्धि (Academic Achievement) केवल उनकी बुद्धि पर निर्भर नहीं करती, बल्कि उनके आत्मविश्वास (Self-confidence) और समायोजन (Adjustment) की क्षमता से भी गहराई से जुड़ी होती है। अंततः यह कहा जा सकता है कि आत्मविश्वास और समायोजन वे दो पहिए हैं, जो विद्यार्थी की शैक्षणिक यात्रा को सुगम औ सफल बनाते हैं। यदि विद्यार्थी मानसिक रूप से संतुलित और आत्मविश्वासी है, तो वह कठिन विषयों और प्रतियोगी परीक्षाओं में बेहतर परिणाम प्राप्त करने में सक्षम होता है।

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Beach tourism is a visible and livelihood-oriented component of coastal tourism in India. The recent revision of India's coastline to 11,098.81 km expands the planning base for coastal destinations, including mainland states and island territories. This paper examines the contribution of Blue Flag beaches to sustainable beach tourism by linking certification standards with official coastline data, Ministry of Tourism tourist visits statistics and beach/coastal destination development initiatives. The study is descriptive and analytical and uses secondary data from Government of India sources, including Ministry of Tourism statistical statements, Parliamentary replies and Press Information Bureau releases. The analysis shows that Blue Flag beaches contribute to sustainability through improved environmental management, bathing-water quality, safety services, visitor information, cleanliness, accessibility and destination branding. State-wise tourist visit data also show that large coastal states such as Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh record high domestic tourist visits, while Maharashtra, West Bengal and Gujarat are leading coastal states in foreign tourist visits. However, the study finds a major data gap: official national statistics are mostly State/UT-wise and do not provide regular beach-wise footfall. The paper recommends beach-wise visitor monitoring, wider adoption of Blue Flag standards, community participation and stronger integration of tourism development with coastal conservation.

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 Keywords

Blue Flag beaches, sustainable beach tourism, coastal tourism, Ministry of Tourism, tourist footfall, coastline length, India.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Since ancient times, the Indian Knowledge Tradition has presented a holistic approach to education, primarily emphasizing the intellectual, moral, social, and spiritual development of students for their overall upliftment. In the current modern era, the education system has become predominantly vocational and examination-centric; consequently, numerous obstacles have arisen regarding the holistic development of students. In this specific context, the National Education Policy 2020 places special emphasis on the re-establishment of the Indian Knowledge Tradition and on educational inclusion (Ministry of Education, 2020). This education policy underscores the necessity of integrating traditional Indian knowledge with formal education to foster values, ethics, social consciousness, cultural awareness, and life skills development in the lives of students. Through the cultivation of Yoga, spirituality, meditation, the Sanskrit language, culture, the Vedas and Upanishads, and experiential learning, an endeavor has been made to promote a sense of self-discipline, concentration, and self-realization among students. The integration of the Indian Knowledge Tradition into students' lives facilitates knowledge acquisition, values-based education, and sensitivity, while fostering their development into self-reliant citizens (Altekar, 2009). This research abstract elucidates the fact that, through the policy formulation of the National Education Policy 2020, the resurgence of the Indian Knowledge Tradition is of paramount importance and relevance for the holistic development of students' lives.

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Indian Knowledge Tradition, National Education Policy 2020, Values-based Education, Yoga, Meditation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Indian knowledge system is one of the oldest Vedic education system. Modernization and mediated cultural imperialism, has obliterated traditional Indian knowledge system. This trend has led to cultural erosion in India. But in this present digital era, with the help of audio and video podcasts, the Indian knowledge system is being broadcasted to the audience in very unique way. This study is basically a content analysis of various digital media videos and podcasts. The study emphases the influence of Indian knowledge system and its varying dimensions. The study reviews podcasts of Prof B. Mahadevan and Br. Ved Chaitanya, discussing Indian Traditional Knowledge system. The study analysed themes and issues ranging from its introduction to that of western cultural influence. The study also examines its impact on the Indian audience in relation to the "Chinfo youtube channel". The research similarly analyses Dr. Raj Vedam in "Life of Beer Biceps" youtube channel too, which discusses how Indians were scientifically advanced in ancient civilisations. A content analysis on "Echoes of India" an audio podcasts about ancient and medieval Indian civilisations was done in detail. The study also examines the role of digital media in preserving Indian knowledge system and its importance in building Indian education system.

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Keywords: Digital Media, Youtube, Podcasts, Videos, Policy, Ancient, Vedic, Cultural, Tradition, Media, Western Education.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Traditional games of Assam reflect the cultural richness, creativity, and simplicity of rural life. The materials, may be called implements, used in western part of Assam as a hole in particular are drawn from many sources. These are collected widely from natural sources and from the surrounding. Sometimes materials are taken from unwanted and wasted things, lying scattered in the environment and in some cases parts of such things are also used in playing such games. Unlike elite games implements for traditional games are managed on the spot, of course there are some readymade implements like kadis (cowries), latims (tops), gutis (pawns), biringguti (marbles), tac (card) etc. This study explores the types of play materials used in traditional games of Assam, their sources, cultural significance, and role in child development. The research adopts a qualitative methodology based on observation, interviews, and secondary sources. The findings reveal that indigenous play materials are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and deeply connected to the socio-cultural environment of Assamese society.

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Traditional games, Play materials, Assam indigenous cultural, Playing areas or Venus.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

???????? ????? ?? ??????? '?????????' ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??, ?????? ???-?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???-??? ??????-???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????, ????? ??????????, ????? ?? ???????? ??????-?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????????--???????, ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????--?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????-???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???, ????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???-????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????, ?????????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ????? '?????????' ???? ???????? ??????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????-????? ?? ????-??????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ???

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- ?????????, ???????? ?????, ??????-???????, ????-?????, ??????-??????????, ??????????, ????? ????????

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With increasing mean maximum temperature, decreasing mean minimum temperature, temperature related extreme weather events like heat wave and cold wave are increasing and causing adverse impact through human death. An effort is made to find out the adverse impact of increasing range of temperature by the means of heat and cold wave on human society of the study area. Annual range of temperature is increasing .Intensity of both events are increasing. Annual frequency of heat and cold waves are correlated with their annual casualty. Casualty of severe heat and cold waves are more than that of moderate intensity.

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Temperature trend; Heat and cold waves; Casualty; Correlation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid implementation of Large Language Models (LLMs) development in personal, organisational, and societal areas has increased concerns on the issue of ethical alignment and sustainability of genuine feedback, especially regarding the metrics that are used in evaluating these models. This paper presents a comparative analysis of LLM families such as GPT (OpenAI), Claude (Anthropic), Gemini (Google), DeepSeek, and OpenAI Experimental models through an ethical performance and cost efficiency analysis. Based on Reinforcement Learning with AI Feedback (RLAIF), an ethically labelled dataset was composed of 500 prompts on sensitive and practical domains and evaluated through four dimensions, Safety, Helpfulness, Empathy, and Reasoning. The findings confirm that the models have a high alignment with Safety, which suggest the presence of well-developed harm-prevention mechanisms. On the contrary, there remains a significant variation across dimensions of Helpfulness and Reasoning. Claude and DeepSeek have more ethical profiles that are balanced, but the models of OpenAI Experimental focus on safety over utility, and the models of Gemini have less powerful reasoning. A parallel analysis on the prices also shows that there has been a clear differentiation in the costs in the LLM system; most of the models are in the low-end cost bracket, and a few high-end models are in the high costs bracket. In conclusion, the results indicate that the moral complacency and cost efficiency depends on the situation, which is why there is a need to make task-specific and economically informed choices of the models.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Large Language Models, Ethical Alignment, RLHF, AI Safety, Cost Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition