Volume 14 | Issue 2 | February 2026

 Abstract

???????? ???-??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? '????' ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????-??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????????--???? ?????? ?? ????, ????-????????, ?????????, ?????-?????, ???????, ????????? ??? ?????-?????? ?? ??????????--?? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ??????-???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????, ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ???????? ?? ????. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??. ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ????????-???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????-???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??. ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ???????, ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????, ????????-????????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????????? '????' ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??, ?? ? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???

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????, ???????? ??????, ??????? ??????, ????-?????, ????????-???????, ?????-?????, ??????? ????? ????????

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This study examined the effectiveness of a specially designed a gamified Snake and Ladder nutrition game on secondary school student's engagement. For the study, a total of 80 students from JSPM School, Pusad were selected by systematic random sampling and assigned equally to an experimental group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). In the study, the experimental group received nutrition education using the snake and ladder game, were as the control group was taught through traditional lecture-based teaching. In this study student engagement was measured by the student engagement scale (SES) with 20 items, which assessed three domains. The results revealed that students who participated in the game-based learning intervention had statistically significant improvement across all three engagement domains, with the t-value significant at the 0.01 level. The behavioural engagement increased as students were attentive, took part in classroom or group activity, completed their class task regularly, and demonstrated greater effort during the lesson. The emotional engagement also shows greater enjoyment, excitement about learning, and positive attitudes toward the nutrition lessons. Cognitive engagement also showed substantial gain-students had a better understanding of concepts, remembered information more easily, and applied nutrition knowledge or concepts in everyday life. In comparison, the control group was taught through the traditional teaching method and showed only minimum statistically insignificant changes in all three domains, indicating that the tradition teaching method produced limited impact on students' attention, participation, interest, understanding, and application. The findings confirm that game-based approaches are a powerful strategy for enhancing student engagement, interest, and active participation in health education.

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Game-based learning, Nutrition education, Cognitive engagement, Behavioral engagement. Emotional engagement

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This study examines how profit motives shape human and organizational behavior under different ownership structures--private, public, charitable, and hybrid. It interrogates the central question of whether the pursuit of profit enhances or undermines ethical, innovative, and socially beneficial behavior within firms. Drawing on John Locke's labor theory of property, Milton Friedman's doctrine of profit maximization, and Joseph Schumpeter's theory of creative destruction, the research situates the profit motive as both a psychological driver and an institutional mechanism of economic coordination.

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Finance Sector , Economics

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Rapid urbanization and industrial growth have resulted in a large amount of ceramic waste, which creates serious environmental problems. At the same time, the excessive use of natural sand in concrete has led to the depletion of natural resources. This experimental study focuses on the utilization of ceramic waste as a partial replacement of fine aggregate (sand) in concrete.1] In this study, sand is replaced with ceramic waste/ceramic powder at proportions of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% by weight. Concrete specimens are prepared for each replacement level and are subjected to curing for 7 days and 28 days. After curing, the concrete is tested to evaluate its performance and strength characteristics.2] The main objective of this research is to study the effect of ceramic waste on the properties of concrete and to determine the optimum replacement percentage of sand with ceramic waste. The use of ceramic waste in concrete not only helps in waste management but also promotes sustainable and eco-friendly construction practices.3]

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Ceramic Waste, Ceramic Powder, Concrete, Fine Aggregate(sand) Replacement, Compressive Strength, Sustainable Construction, Curing Period.

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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognized as a major contributing factor to total global mortality, causing approximately 18 million deaths around the globe each year. It is consequently imperative that diagnostics be extremely reliable. Although machine learning, as well as ensemble-based approaches, have also exhibited considerable potential for clinical risk assessment, these have generally been seen to fail in addressing complex, nonlinear relationships typically seen in large clinical data sets. Leveraging a series of works that have created a new baseline of 92% tested ensemble approaches, this paper presents a study of a new approach to ensuring sufficiently high-precision clinical diagnostics involving the employment of Deep Machine Learning along with optimized Long Short-Term-Memory Network with Principal Component Analysis. The approach utilizes a powerful preprocessing mechanism, consisting of Median Imputation and Inter-Quartile Range-based outlier handling mechanisms, for a data set of approximately 70,000 records. To sufficiently counterbalance data imbalance, class balancing was enabled in the sequential network. In conformity with this, experimental data reveal that, unlike other approaches, there was achievement of superior, state-of-the-art accuracy of 96.92%, along with a near-perfect ROC-AUC of 0.9969. The relatively very high recall of 0.96 for the concerned disease class consequently ensures no false negatives.

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Cardiovascular Disease, LSTM, Deep Learning, Principal Component Analysis, Predictive Analytics, Class Imbalance, Healthcare Informatics

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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial role in India's economic development by significantly contributing to GDP, employment generation, and industrial growth. However, limited access to finance remains a major challenge, restricting their ability to scale operations, adopt new technologies, and compete in global markets. Traditional funding avenues such as bank loans and informal lending often prove insufficient, highlighting the need for alternative financing mechanisms. In response, SME stock exchanges--BSE-SME and NSE-SME--have been established to enable SMEs to raise equity capital through public listings, reducing their dependence on debt financing. By enhancing access to capital, these exchanges not only strengthen financial resilience but also improve corporate governance and attract institutional investors. Additionally, listing on SME stock exchanges increases business visibility, enhances credibility, and unlocks new growth opportunities for SMEs. This research paper examines the growth, sectoral impact, and financial sustainability of SME stock exchanges in India while also assessing their alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study aims to understand the SME stock exchanges of India, highlight the number of SMEs registered on these platforms, identify their contribution to SDGs, and assess their sectoral impact in achieving financial sustainability. The findings indicate that SME stock exchanges act as a bridge between small enterprises and capital markets, improving access to long-term financing and promoting investment in high-growth sectors such as manufacturing, IT, and healthcare. Moreover, these exchanges contribute to SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) by enabling financial inclusion and supporting sustainable economic expansion. Despite their advantages, challenges such as limited awareness, high listing costs, and regulatory compliance burdens hinder broader SME participation. Addressing these challenges through policy reforms, investor incentives, and capacity-building initiatives can enhance the impact of SME stock exchanges in India. Ultimately, fostering financial accessibility through SME stock exchanges is crucial for driving sustainable economic development, empowering smaller enterprises, and supporting India's long-term industrial growth.

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SME Stock Exchanges, Financial Sustainability, Equity Financing, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), BSE SME, NSE Emerge, Economic Growth, Sectoral Impact

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India's journey toward a cashless economy has been significantly accelerated by the introduction of the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and digital wallets. This research paper examines the transformative impact of these digital payment systems on India's economic landscape from their inception to early 2025. Through comprehensive data analysis and real-world case studies, this study demonstrates how UPI and digital wallets have revolutionized payment behaviors, financial inclusion, and economic efficiency in India. The paper analyzes transaction volumes, adoption rates, demographic shifts, and policy implications while exploring challenges and future prospects for India's cashless economy.

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Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Digital Wallets, Cashless Economy, Digital Payments, Financial Inclusion, FinTech Innovation, Economic Transformation, Payment Systems, Transaction Volume Growth, Digital India, NPCI, Mobile Banking, Demonetization Impact, Economic Efficiency, Digital Financial Services, Policy Framework, Consumer Payment Behavior, Financial Technology Adoption, Rural Digital Penetration, Cybersecurity in Digital Payments. If you want, I can also format them according to Scopus

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 Abstract

???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????-?????? ?? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???-??? ???????? ?? ???-??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? 2000 ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ?? ?????? ?? "?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????" ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??, ?????? ????? ?? ???-??? ???????? ????? ?? ???

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????????, ???????, ???????, ????????, ?????

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U boot beton is a modern construction method used to make lightweight concrete slabs by creating hollow spaces inside the slab using plastic formwork made from recycled polypropylene. It mainly reduce the amount of concrete. Its used in construction to create slabs that can support heavy loads or have a wide span without beams. Its lightweight, stability, modularity and it can be used to make structure without mechanical helps of equipment and its also foundation rafters can be created with big thickness. By using u boot beton, it is easy to build raft foundation with a low quality of concrete. It is used in high rise buildings to reduce the weight of the structure. It reduces the construction time and also requires less labors. The U-Boot formworks are easy to place, save time during construction, and are eco-friendly. They are also fire-resistant and help in reducing the overall load on the foundation.

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U boot technology, recycled polypropylene formwork, hollow slab, beamless slab

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) form the backbone of the Indian economy by contributing significantly to GDP, exports, employment generation, and balanced regional development. The sector plays a pivotal role in promoting entrepreneurship, innovation, and inclusive growth, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas. This study examines the performance of the MSME sector in India by analysing its contribution to Gross Value Added (GVA), GDP, exports, employment, investment, and enterprise registration trends. It also evaluates the impact of recent policy initiatives, especially the measures announced in the Union Budget 2025-26, aimed at enhancing credit availability, supporting first-time entrepreneurs, and promoting labour-intensive industries. Despite its strong performance, the sector faces several challenges such as limited access to finance, technological gaps, regulatory complexities, and infrastructure constraints. The study concludes that sustained policy support, improved access to credit, skill development, and technological adoption are crucial for strengthening the MSME sector and ensuring its long-term contribution to India's economic growth.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs); Economic Growth; Gross Value Added (GVA); Employment Generation; Exports; Entrepreneurship; Government Policy; Financial Inclusion; Industrial Development

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition