Volume 13 | Issue 5 | May-2025

 Abstract

India's agriculture sector, which employs about 42% of the country's workforce, is facing unprecedented challenges due to climate change, declining soil fertility, water scarcity and market volatility.This research examines crop diversification as a sustainable farming strategy to address these challenges while enhancing agricultural resilience and farmer livelihoods.Based on secondary data sources across multiple Indian states, this study analyses the implementation, outcomes and challenges of crop diversification practices in different agro-ecological regions of India.Research shows that states that implemented structured crop diversification programmes saw a 15-30% increase in farmer incomes, and significant improvements in soil health indicators.Case studies of Punjab, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh show that successful diversification strategies incorporate indigenous knowledge, market linkages and are supported by enabling policies.However, implementation barriers include limited access to quality seeds, inadequate extension services, and lack of market infrastructure.This paper proposes a comprehensive framework for enhancing crop diversification in India's diverse agricultural landscapes, emphasizing the need for regionally tailored approaches, participatory research and policy incentives.This research supports and contributes to crop diversification as an important strategy for achieving the dual objectives of agricultural sustainability and food security in India.The findings suggest that shifting from mono-cropping to diversified cropping systems could increase agricultural resilience to climate change by 30-45%, while at the same time enhancing biodiversity and ecosystem services.The study concludes with policy recommendations to integrate crop diversification into the National Agriculture Plan to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and India's commitment to sustainable agriculture.

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 Keywords

Crop diversification, sustainable agriculture, climate resilience, agricultural policy, soil health, farmer livelihoods, biodiversity, agroecology, food security, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Vocational training is an important component of the economic and industrial progress of any nation. This training provides skills to the workforce as per the requirements of the industries.However, vocational training also faces a number of challenges for which it is necessary to find solutions. This research paper highlights the major challenges of vocational training and presents practical solutions to them.

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Challenges and solutions of vocational training

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Indian education system, which is serving a diverse and vast population, faces persistent challenges at the fronts of access, equity, and quality. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential to address these challenges and revolutionize education at all levels, from primary to higher education level. Combining AI can create a future-ready education system for India@2047 that will be both personalized and efficient. This research paper examines the current landscape of AI in Indian education. It analyzes their impact on teaching and learning, and explores the specific applications and benefits at different educational stages. Furthermore, it delves into the challenges associated with the widespread adoption of these technologies, including the digital divide, teacher training, and data security. Finally, the paper proposes policy recommendations tailored to the Indian context, aiming to leverage the full potential of AI to create a more equitable, accessible, and high-quality education system for India@2047.

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India@2047, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Education Technology (EdTech), Access to Education, Equity in Education, Digital Divide.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Agriculture in North India faces growing challenges due to climate change, soil degradation, water scarcity, and market uncertainties. Crop diversification has emerged as a key strategy to enhance sustainability, improve farm productivity, and ensure food security. This study explores the role of diversified cropping systems in promoting ecological balance, increasing farmer incomes, and reducing dependency on monoculture farming. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern agricultural innovations, including climate-resilient crops, precision farming, and organic practices, farmers can achieve long-term sustainability. The Viksit Bharat 2.0 initiative aims to revolutionize Indian agriculture by encouraging sustainable farming techniques, leveraging technology, and strengthening policy frameworks. This paper analyzes government interventions, agronomic innovations, and market-driven solutions that facilitate crop diversification. Findings suggest that adopting multi-cropping systems, agroforestry, and integrated farming models can enhance soil fertility, optimize resource use, and mitigate climate risks. Strengthening institutional support, farmer education, and infrastructure development will be crucial in realizing a resilient and sustainable agricultural future for North India.

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Crop diversification Viksit Bharat 2.0, multi-cropping systems, climate-resilient crops

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's fast-paced technological era quality education is essential.Smart classes promote collaboration and communication among students, fostering a collaborative learning environment. Interactive activities, group discussions, and collaborative projects encourage students to work together, share ideas, and solve problems collectively. Digital tools, such as interactive white-boards and collaborative software, enable students' to collaborate in real-time, regardless of their physical location, promoting teamwork and peer learning. Smart classroom are helpful to increase student's creativity.It is a unusual gift of nature, a highly valued human quality that has been known for a long time to have its influence on scientific, technological and artistic spheres of human activity. The rapidly changing demands and challenges existing in the world today have almost necessarily been accompanied by creative expression and contributions from talented persons. Smart classrooms are transforming education by using innovative technology to improve teaching and learning. By this new method, fostering creativity among students. This increase student's view of thinking.

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creativity, smart classroom, conventional approach, fostering creativity, divergent thinking, convergent thinking.

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Heavy metal contamination is a critical global environmental and health issue. Traditional remediation methods often involve costly chemical treatments that can disrupt ecosystems. In contrast, phytoremediation--the use of plants to remediate contaminated environments--offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution. Helianthus annuus (common sunflower) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its ability to accumulate heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). This review explores the mechanisms behind its phytoremediation potential, highlights recent advancements in enhancing its efficiency, particularly through the application of nanoparticles, and discusses ongoing challenges and future research directions.

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Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals Using Helianthus annuus, Mechanisms, Enhancements, and Future Directions: A theoretical overview

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Sustainable development, aiming to meet present needs without compromising future generations, necessitates a balance between economic growth, social inclusion, and environmental protection . Environmental stewardship, the responsible use and protection of the natural environment, is integral to this balance. The current reliance on fossil fuels for energy poses significant environmental threats, making a transition to sustainable energy systems crucial. This transition is driven by innovations in renewable energy generation, energy storage, and efficient energy use, which can address global challenges like climate change, resource depletion, and social inequality . The combined implementation of these innovations is vital for a resilient and sustainable energy future.

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Innovations In Renewable Energy, Energy Storage, And Efficient Energy Use.

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Calendula officinalis Linn, commonly referred to as pot marigold, is a medicinal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family. This review consolidates information sourced from various online bibliographic databases, including Google Scholar, Pub Med, Sci Finder, and Web of Science. Calendula officinalis holds a prominent place in Homoeopathic, Unani, and Ayurvedic medicine, where it is employed as a diaphoretic, analgesic, antiseptic, and anti-inflammatory agent. It has been traditionally used to address gynecological ailments, gastrointestinal disorders, oral and pharyngeal mucosal inflammations, eye conditions, skin injuries, burns, visual impairments, and menstrual irregularities. Numerous studies have identified Calendula officinalis as a rich source of bioactive compounds, including terpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, quinones, and carotenoids. Both in vivo and in vitro evaluations of its pharmacological properties indicate that the plant exhibits antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anticancer, and gastroprotective effects. This review aims to present a comprehensive summary of the traditional uses, phytochemical profile, and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis.

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Calendula officinalis, Ethno botanical Uses, pharmacological activity

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Plumeria alba, a small laticiferous tree or shrub native to tropical America, is commonly referred to as White Champa. It is primarily cultivated for its ornamental and fragrant flowers, which also hold significant medicinal value. The leaves, which are lanceolate to oblanceolate, and the white, aromatic flowers arranged in corymbose fascicles, contribute to its aesthetic appeal. Additionally, its fruit is edible. Phytochemical evaluations of the leaves and stems have revealed their use in traditional medicine for treating various ailments. The plant's latex, known for its potent and sometimes corrosive nature, is applied externally to treat ulcers, herpes, and scabies. Its seeds are recognized for their hemostatic properties, while the bark, when bruised, is used as a plaster for hard tumors. Furthermore, other parts of the plant have been employed as purgatives, cardiotonics, diuretics, and hypotensives. The medicinal significance of Plumeria alba has been well-documented in classical Ayurvedic texts such as the Charaka Samhita and Sushruta Samhita. For centuries, plant-based remedies have been an integral part of traditional medicine systems in India, offering treatments for a wide array of health conditions. This reliance on herbal medicine continues to gain global recognition as a natural and effective alternative healthcare approach.

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"Ethnobotanical Insights and Bioactive Compounds of Plumeria alba Linn.: A Medicinal Treasure"

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Bioinformatics approach undertaken in this study explores the differential expression of genes (DEGs) within nasopharyngeal epithelial cells during active SARS-CoV-2 infection and post-recovery. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data from 22 nasopharyngeal samples, categorized into COVID-19 positive individuals, individuals who had recovered, and unaffected controls, underwent comprehensive analysis. The results identified 1,845 DEGs among infected subjects and 138 DEGs among recovered subjects when compared to healthy controls. Pathway enrichment highlighted significant involvement in inflammatory responses, lipid metabolic processes, and protein synthesis during the infection phase. Furthermore, common DEGs observed in both infected and recovered participants indicated a prolonged inflammatory response even after symptomatic resolution. These findings contribute substantially to understanding the host response mechanisms and may guide future therapeutic interventions against COVID-19.

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 Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, Differential Gene Analysis, RNA-seq, Nasopharyngeal Tissue, Cytokine Response, Bioinformatics Pathway Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition