Volume 12 | Issue 9 | September-2024

 Abstract

Air pollutants have been investigated to be associated with many health issues. Recently, epidemiological studies have been suggested the association between air pollution exposure and risk of frailty with inconsistent findings. This meta-analysis and review was to summarize and evaluate the effects of exposure to various air pollutants on risk of frailty. PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were systematically searched for relevant studies published before May 15, 2024. Studies that explored the potential relationship between exposure to air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, O3, NOx, solid fuel, second hand tobacco) and risk of frailty were included. The quality of cross-sectional and cohort studies was evaluated using an eight-item assessment instrument for epidemiological studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, respectively. A total of 9,717 papers were retrieved, of which 20 met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis indicated that PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with frailty assessed by the frailty index [OR (90% CI): 1.24 (1,11-1.38) per 10 ?g/m3 increment]. Moreover, solid fuel exposures were significantly associated with an increased risk of frailty assessed by the frailty phenotype [OR (90% CI): 1.91 (1.09-3.34)] or the frailty index [OR (90% CI): 1.25 (1.11-1.41)]. Exposure to PM2.5 and solid fuel increases the risk of frailty. Environmental protection policies and public health measures should be developed to reduce PM2.5 concentrations. Effective measures, such as improving stoves and using clean fuels, should be taken to reduce indoor air pollution levels.

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EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTANTS AND THEIR EXPOSURE ON FRAILTY RISK: META-ANALYSIS AND REVIEW

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Vijayawada, located in Andhra Pradesh, India, faces recurrent flooding during the monsoon season, which severely disrupts both human life and local wildlife habitats. This study explores the cascading ecological consequences of these floods, particularly focusing on snake populations that are vital for maintaining biodiversity. Flood-related habitat destruction not only forces snakes into urban areas, leading to increased human-snake conflicts and injuries but also causes a surge in rodent populations due to disrupted predator-prey dynamics. These changes create significant public health risks, including potential disease outbreaks linked to heightened encounters between humans and snakes, as well as increased rodent-borne illnesses. The study synthesizes relevant literature to highlight the urgent need for effective mitigation strategies, including habitat restoration, enhanced community education, infrastructure improvements, and health system strengthening against the backdrop of flooding. Recommendations propose multifaceted solutions that incorporate community participation and effective wildlife management to ensure environmental sustainability and public health safety. The findings underscore the interconnectedness of ecological and public health issues in flood-prone areas, necessitating a comprehensive approach to tackle the long-term challenges posed by flooding in Vijayawada and similar regions.

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Flooding, Ecology, Snakes, Public Health, Human-Wildlife Conflict, Biodiversity

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In India, orchids are distributed in North Western Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats. North Western Himalayas comprises the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand. The topography of North Western Himalayas region is regular and intercepted by valleys and plateaus of various extent and as such the stratification is not clear. Western Ghats includes the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. This region also consists of valleys and plateaus. Eastern ghats States or Odisha Andhra Pradesh Telangana Karnataka, Tamil Nadu consists of valleys and plateaus. In these regions there is a great diversity in the floristic pattern due to great altitudinal variation. The orchidaceae family exhibits enormous diversity. In this paper different regions in India, richness of the orchid diversity and their conservation strategies are suggested.

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Orchidaceae, Eastern Himalayas, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats, species richness, conservation strategies.

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Animal Sciences and Plant Sciences are fascinating fields where scientists are making incredible progress and unravelling information regarding cellular functions, signalling pathways and molecular causes of diseases. Behind these victories we find the dedication and hard work of many scientists who are exchanging ideas and information at a faster rate as the world has become a global village. Several advances have taken place in various branches of Biological Sciences in recent years which are discussed in detail below

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RECENT TRENDS IN ANIMAL SCIENCES AND PLANT SCIENCES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

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Organic farming is a production system, which substantially reduces the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and livestock feed additives. Organic farming is a holistic agricultural system that enhances soil quality. Jeevamrutham is a traditional organic fertilizer and soil conditioner derived from natural ingredients such as cow dung, cow urine, jaggery, gram flour, and water. It's a concoction rich in beneficial microorganisms, nutrients, and organic matter, widely used in organic farming to enhance soil fertility, promote plant growth and improve crop yield. Hibiscus sabdariffa, annual herbaceous shrub belongs to the family malvaceae, commonly known as Roselle. It is widely used as leafy vegetable having rich nutrients besides therapeutic characteristics included antihypertensive, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, diuretic, uricosuric, and anemia-treating effects. The study investigates that application of jeevamrutham on Hibiscus sabdariffa enhanced the physicochemical properties of the soil such as pH, EC, N, P, K and organic carbon content. The quantity of Photosynthetic Pigments, Carbohydrates and Proteins are also increased in addition to an increase in biomass, shoot length, root length, number of branches and leaves. This finding suggests that Jeevamrutham can be efficiently used as organic fertilizer to improve growth, development and yield of Hibiscus sabdariffa.

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Organic Farming, Jeevamrutham, Soil Fertility, Yield, Hibiscus sabdariffa

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Our country is based on coal for energy production will give rise to huge quantity of fly ash which leads to environmental pollution, especially in causing respiratory diseases due to its small size light weight. Now, it is being utilised in manufly ashcturing building materials like bricks etc. But a very small quantity is being used and rest is disposed of in ash lagoons, which poses problem in the form of land use, health hazards and environmental dangers. Hence the is a need to manage the rest of the fly ash waste to protect the environment. As fly ash has unique physical and chemical properties, it can be utilised for agriculture also. As our country is second largest in the world and has consistently been the highest contributor to agriculture. Hence, our country can try to change its challenge of fly ash pollution as an opportunity of utilising it for agriculture. Hence the author made an attempt to bring awareness among the people in this aspect of utilising fly ash for agriculture.

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Using fly ash in Agriculture: Converting a Difficult Situation into an Opportunity

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Java plum (Syzygiumcumini), also known as Jamun, is a tropical fruit with significant medicinal properties. This study explores the potential of Java plum in controlling blood glucose levels, focusing on its bioactive compounds, mechanisms of action, clinical studies, and therapeutic uses. Background: Diabetes mellitus is a growing health concern worldwide, and natural remedies are increasingly being explored for its management. Black plum (Java plum), a traditional Ayurvedic medicine, has been reported to possess antidiabetic properties.

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A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF BLACK PLUM (JAVA PLUM) TO CONTROL BLOOD GLUCOSE

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The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective role of vitamin C on Cypermethrin induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Healthy 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups with 8 animals each. Group I served as control and administered with saline and group II and III were administered with Cypermethrin at a dose of 50mg and 100mg/kg BW respectively. Group IV administered with vitamin C alone at a dose of 60mg/kg BW orally and group V administered with both Cypermethrin(100mg/kg BW) and vitamin C(60mg/kg BW)for 60 days. After the treatment rats were sacrificed and isolated the reproductive organs immediately for biochemical analysis. The body weights of rats did not show any significant change in all groups. Whereas the weights of reproductive organs were significantly decreased in Cypermethrin administered groups. Treatment with Cypermethrin significantly decreased epididymal sperm count, viable sperms and motile sperms with a significant reduction in the testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3?-HSD and 17 ? HSD) activities. Histoarchitechture of testis of rats administered with cypermethrin showed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules with reduced size, increased interstitial spaces, and inhibited spermatogenesis. Where as co-administration of Vitamin C with Cypermethrin showed a significant improvement in the weights of reproductive organs, sperm count, sperm viability and motility. The co-treatment of vitamin C also significantly increased the activity levels of steroidogenic enzymes and it restored the structural integrity of testicular architecture in Cypermethrin intoxicated rats. The present study indicating the protective role of vitamin C against cypermethrin induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.

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Cypermethrin, Vitamin C, Male fertility, Spermatogenesis, Steroidogenesis

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Sustainable agriculture involves practices that are environmentally friendly, economically viable, and socially responsible. Millets possess drought and climate resilience, and water and resource efficiency. Millet cultivation helps to meet the UN's goal of sustainable agriculture and food security (UN General Assembly, 2015). Although millet themselves do not contain live probiotic organisms, they act as prebiotics, which are nutrients that feed and support the growth of beneficial gut bacteria. Millets may be the best solution for the problem of hunger, food security, and loss of agrobiodiversity. This review focuses on the scope of Millet as a future crop in sustainable agriculture and as a source of probiotics

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Millets, Sustainable agriculture, Prebiotics, Biodiversity of crops

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Nanobiotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach in the development of personalized medicine, particularly in the treatment of breast cancer1. Among the innovative techniques, the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using biological materials has gained attention due to its eco-friendly, cost-effective, and efficient methods. Tinospora cordifolia1, a medicinal plant known for its therapeutic properties, has shown potential in the green synthesis of AuNPs. This review explores the synthesis of AuNPs from Tinospora cordifolia extracts and their application in breast cancer therapy2. By leveraging the unique physicochemical properties of gold nanoparticles, such as their size, shape, and surface modification capabilities, these biologically synthesized nanostructures offer promising prospects in targeted drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy3. The integration of such nanomaterials into personalized treatment regimens could significantly enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of breast cancer therapies, paving the way for more effective and less toxic treatment options. This review highlights recent advancements, challenges, and future directions in utilizing Tinospora cordifolia-derived gold nanoparticles in personalized breast cancer treatment4-6.

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Nanobiotechnology, breast cancer, personalized medicine, gold nanoparticles, Tinospora cordifolia, green synthesis, targeted drug delivery, photothermal therapy, cancer nanomedicine, biocompatibility

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