Volume 10 | Issue 12 | December-2022

 Abstract

Jyotirindra Nandi stands out in Bengali literature for his distinctive introspective style in the post-World War II era. Eschewing ideological optimism and escapism, his fiction probes human consciousness with Freudian psychoanalytic depth. Against a backdrop of global conflict, partition, and social upheaval, Nandi focuses on middle-class lives exposed to existential decline. These concerns coalesce in Samudra (1961), a short story inspired by Nandi's voyage to Puri. In Samudra, the narrator is a conventional middle-class husband whose orderly marital life is upended by the sea's majesty. The ocean's vast beauty shatters his habitual worldview and reveals latent erotic and destructive impulses: confronting the water's power evokes Freudian tensions of love and aggression, symbolized by his predatory gaze at the sleeping wife Hena. Birenbabu's eccentric uncle, an obsessed sea-wanderer, introduces mythic resonance. Believing the ocean to be a living Rudra-like deity, he carries legendary ideas of sacrifice (as in the Ramayana's justice episode) and infects the narrator with a quasi-religious mania. By contrast, the narrator's wife Hena initially embodies pragmatic middle-class morality, dismissing the sea's roar as mere noise. As the narrative progresses, however, Hena paradoxically gains agency: she experiences a wild delight in the waves, which in turn provokes her husband's jealousy and a Freudian sense of rivalry. Nandi's prose employs rich metaphor and sensory imagery (for example, evoking "a huge blue cup" of sun above the sea) to heighten the story's symbolic texture. Ultimately, Samudra reads as an eco-critical parable: the sea's churning duality instills both fear and awe, illustrating that treating nature as inert can invite catastrophe. The narrative's arc--from a nocturnal ocean vision to a train journey home--marks the narrator's psychological transformation. At the end, the protagonist finds relief in earthy sounds (crickets and rustling palms), symbolizing middle-class resilience and a tempered reconciliation with the natural world.

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 Keywords

Nature, Emptiness, Thrill, Middle-class ,Subconscious, Infinite, Myth, Vastness, Psychology, Symbolism, Beauty, Transformation, Violent, Ecocriticism.

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This study explores the contribution of Sufistic literature in promoting communal harmony in Assam, with special reference to the works of eminent Sufi saints such as Ajan Fakir and Syed Moinuddin Baghdadi. Sufism, with its emphasis on love, tolerance, and spiritual unity, played a significant role in bridging religious and cultural divides in Assam's diverse society. The research adopts a qualitative approach, drawing from historical texts, literary analysis, and oral traditions to examine how Sufi literature particularly Ajan Fakir's Zikirs has conveyed universal messages of peace and brotherhood. Field visits and interactions with local communities further reveal the enduring influence of Sufi teachings in fostering interfaith respect and social cohesion. The study also highlights the syncretic relationship between Sufism and indigenous spiritual movements like Vaishnavism, underscoring the inclusive cultural identity of Assam. In an age of growing religious intolerance, the values embedded in Sufistic literature remain deeply relevant as models of peaceful coexistence and cultural integration.

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Sufism in Assam, Communal Harmony, Ajan Fakir, Sufistic Literature, Interfaith Relations

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Abstract The National Education Policy 2020 (NEP-2020) is a significant step towards restructuring the Indian education system with a focus on holistic, inclusive, and flexible learning. This paper examines the core provisions of NEP-2020 concerning higher education, evaluates its expected outcomes, and analyzes the status of its implementation in the context of Assam. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study highlights opportunities and challenges faced by higher education institutions in Assam during the adoption phase of NEP-2020. Recommendations are offered to ensure effective implementation and alignment with the policy's goals.

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Keywords: NEP-2020, Higher Education, Assam, Implementation, Education Reform, Policy Analysis

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While cognitive impairment is a recognized feature of schizophrenia, its presence in bipolar affective disorder is currently an area of investigation. The individual who are suffering from the bipolar affective disorder they exhibit a wide range of cognitive deficit including neuropsychological and cognitive deficit. The prime objective was to find out the cognitive dysfunction among tribal patients of depression. Total 100 patients of Depression were constituted the sample for the study, in which 50 were tribal and rest 50 were non tribal. Sample were collected from the Psychiatric Unit of Sadar Hospital (PMCH) Medininagar, Jharkhand through judgmental sampling. Tools used for the study were Socio demographic and clinical data sheet, Beck Depression Inventory (Hindi version), PGI Battery for Brain Dysfunction. On socio demographic variable religious affiliation emerge as the sole factor showing significant differences between the study groups. On clinical characteristics of the sample no factor reveals any notable discrepancies between the tribal and non-tribal group. Tribal and non-tribal depressive patients are significantly differed on the Brain dysfunction sub -scale such as memory scale (t =4.71 p> .01), verbal intelligence quotient (t = 5.15, p > .01), Bender Gestalt test (t = 3.8, p >.01) and dysfunction rating score (t =2.10, p > .01). It showed that tribal patient showed more dysfunction in the area of memory functioning, verbal intellectual functioning task, visuo- motor coordination task and total dysfunction.

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Depression, Tribal, Cognitive dysfunction

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The study explored the adoption and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the financial decision-making processes of Indian businesses, revealing several critical insights. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis showed that AI adoption varies significantly by firm size and sector. Large organizations and technology-driven industries like IT, finance, and e-commerce reported higher AI integration--over 75% adoption--while smaller firms and traditional sectors like agriculture and manufacturing lagged behind with adoption rates under 35%. ANOVA tests confirmed significant differences in adoption levels across sectors (F = 18.7, p < 0.01), and regression analysis identified firm size, digital maturity, and industry type as strong predictors of AI usage. Paired t-tests showed a 28% average reduction in forecasting errors (p < 0.01), and decision-making time was reduced by 30% in AI-adopting firms, confirming that AI improves both accuracy and speed of financial decisions. In terms of perceptions, survey responses from 250 financial professionals indicated that 76% believe AI enhances decision quality, while 75% acknowledged improved operational efficiency. However, 62% expressed ethical concerns, particularly regarding algorithmic bias and data privacy, while 54% feared job displacement. Chi-square and ordinal logistic regression analyses supported these mixed perceptions, showing that while AI is valued for efficiency and accuracy, professionals remain cautious due to potential risks. Factor analysis identified key enablers of effective AI-based financial decision-making as data quality, user training, and system transparency. These findings underscore that while AI offers transformative benefits for financial operations, its successful adoption depends heavily on sectoral readiness, firm capacity, and ethical governance.

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AI Adoption, Financial Decision-Making, Technological Readiness, Ethical Concerns, Operational Efficiency.

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Number Theory, often termed the "Queen of Mathematics," is a profound field that explores the properties and relationships of integers, particularly prime numbers. This paper investigates the historical development, fundamental theorems, and modern applications of number theory, with a special focus on prime numbers and their role in cryptography, computational mathematics, and theoretical computer science. We examine key results such as the Prime Number Theorem, Euclid's proof of infinite primes, and the Riemann Hypothesis, while also discussing unsolved problems and interdisciplinary impacts. Number theory, the study of integers and their properties, stands as one of the oldest and most captivating branches of mathematics. At its heart lie prime numbers, the fundamental building blocks of all integers, whose distribution and characteristics have puzzled mathematicians for millennia. This paper offers a comprehensive investigation into the rich landscape of number theory, with a particular focus on the profound significance and ongoing mysteries surrounding prime numbers. We delve into the historical evolution of these fields, from ancient Greek inquiries to modern computational algorithms. Key concepts such as divisibility, congruences, arithmetic functions, and the various forms of prime numbers are explored through rigorous mathematical formulation. Furthermore, we examine the indispensable role of mathematical logic and set theory in establishing the foundational rigor and formalization necessary for advanced number-theoretic research. The paper highlights the diverse applications of prime numbers, particularly in cryptography and computer science, and discusses the persistent challenges and open problems that continue to drive contemporary research, such as the Riemann Hypothesis and the Twin Prime Conjecture. Our aim is to illustrate how the seemingly simple realm of integers harbors some of mathematics' most profound and impactful questions.

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Number Theory, Prime Numbers, Cryptography, Riemann Hypothesis, Diophantine Equations, Modular Arithmetic, Prime Numbers, Elementary Number Theory, Analytic Number Theory, Algebraic Number Theory, Congruences, Primality Testing, Factorization, Cryptography, Twin Prime Conjecture, Goldbach Conjecture, Logic, Set Theory.

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Since its early exploratory beginnings, geography--the study of the Earth and its inhabitants--has developed into a vibrant and diverse field that tackles today's sociopolitical, economic, environmental, and cultural issues. This article charts the development of modern geography, emphasizing significant turning points, personalities, and theoretical developments that have influenced the discipline. The field's emphasis on mapping, navigation, and empire-building was broadened during the Age of Exploration in the 15th and 16th centuries, while the early works of Greek scholars such as Ptolemy and Eratosthenes established the groundwork for cartography and spatial understanding. Physical and human geography were advanced by individuals such as Carl Ritter and Alexander von Humboldt, who helped to establish geography as a scientific and academic field in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Geographical analysis became more rigorous with the introduction of statistical analysis and modeling during the quantitative revolution of the mid-20th century. Subsequently, critical geography developed, analyzing problems of representation, power, and inequality by combining post-structuralism, feminist, and Marxist theories with conventional positivist methods. As an interdisciplinary field that connects the natural and social sciences, geography now tackles global concerns like urbanization, climate change, and sustainability. How geographers gather and examine spatial data has also changed as a result of developments in remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This article critically analyzes the evolution of modern geography, highlighting its intellectual growth and continued applicability in tackling today's pressing global issues. The study emphasizes how geography has developed into an essential discipline that keeps up with the demands of a world that is changing quickly.

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Geography, History of Geography, Spatial Data, Cartography, Human Geography, Physical Geography, GIS, Environmental Science, Quantitative Revolution, Critical Geography, Global Issues.

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Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the sedimentary samples collected from Sanu formation of northern Jaisalmer Basin, Western Rajasthan (India)

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Mössbauer spectroscopic study of the sedimentary samples collected from Sanu formation of northern Jaisalmer Basin, Western Rajasthan (India)

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Precent development in the modern civilization has led to the increased industrial production to meet the needs of the people. The manufacturing and production of every product result in some waste end known as industrial waste. Sawdust is the by-product of cutting and grinding of wood. It is produced in very large quantity which can be better utilized in well planned manner. It can be utilized as a partial replacement of fine aggregate in manufacturing of blocks. EPS beads (thermocol) is the synthetic aromatic hydrocarbon polymer. It is usually white in color and made of expended polystyrene beads. Its production is several million tons per year. Since its non-bio-degradable substance we cannot burn it or dump it. It will cause air pollution and soil pollution respectively. So, in this present study both sawdust and EPS beads are used in production of solid blocks which is cost effective, light weight as compared to regular solid blocks. The cost analysis is also done with normal cement concrete blocks, and it is found that sawdust & EPS beads based concrete blocks are 13.4% cheaper than normal concrete blocks.

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Saw dust. EPS beads thermocol, Cement, CA, FA, Chemical admixture, Water.

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Single tax system that is applied to a variety of indirect taxes is the goods and services tax. This is intended to lessen any indirect factors that have an impact on the nation's imports and exports. India, the world's seventh-largest economy and the one with the greatest rate of growth, is making good progress towards surpassing China. Trade activity, which an economy practices to be the best, is the primary factor that contributes to its strong economic state and performance. Policymakers anticipated that an investor-friendly government would increase foreign investment in India. One of the largest structural changes to India is the implementation of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which will encourage international investors to make investments in the country. This essay seeks to determine the effects of GST on India's different industries while also levelling the playing field for overseas investors. This essay will assist in examining how the GST has affected India's import and export business. Secondary data that is pertinent to the current state of the economy will serve as the foundation for the report.

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GST, Impact, FDI, Export, taxation, internal sector

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