Volume 14 | Issue 6 | June-2026

 Abstract

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide, making early prediction and diagnosis essential for improving patient outcomes. Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) have enabled the development of intelligent systems capable of predicting stroke risk using patient healthcare data. This review analyzes various research works conducted between 2020 and 2025 on brain stroke prediction using machine learning and neural network-based approaches. Several studies employed algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to identify stroke risk factors and predict stroke occurrence. The reviewed works achieved prediction accuracies ranging from 88% to 92%, demonstrating the effectiveness of data-driven predictive models in healthcare applications. Furthermore, deep learning and predictive analytics approaches showed improved performance compared to traditional machine learning techniques. Despite these advancements, challenges such as limited dataset size, lack of real-time clinical validation, inadequate feature optimization, and poor generalization across diverse patient populations remain significant concerns. The findings indicate that integrating advanced deep learning models, feature engineering techniques, and real-time healthcare monitoring systems can further enhance stroke prediction accuracy and support early diagnosis. This review highlights the importance of intelligent predictive systems in reducing stroke-related mortality and assisting healthcare professionals in clinical decision-making.

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 Keywords

Brain Stroke Prediction, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Healthcare Analytics, Neural Networks, Risk Assessment, Early Detection, Predictive Analytics, Clinical Decision Support.

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Gender equality is a fundamental principle of democratic governance and an essential prerequisite for inclusive political development. Political participation enables citizens to influence public policies, decision-making processes, and governance structures. In India, despite constitutional guarantees of equality and various policy interventions, women continue to face significant barriers to meaningful participation in political institutions. While notable progress has been made in terms of voter turnout, representation in local self-government institutions, and political awareness, gender disparities persist in legislative bodies and leadership positions. This article critically examines the status of gender equality in political participation in India by analysing constitutional provisions, contemporary trends, and major challenges affecting women's political engagement. The study is based on qualitative analysis of secondary sources, including scholarly literature, government reports, and election data. The findings indicate that socio-cultural norms, economic constraints, political party structures, and institutional barriers continue to limit women's participation. The article concludes by emphasizing the need for comprehensive reforms, greater political representation, and gender-sensitive governance to strengthen democratic inclusiveness in India.

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Gender Equality; Political Participation; Women's Representation; Political Empowerment; Democracy; India

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Mathematical modelling coupled with artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized materials engineering, providing predictive insights, and speeding up materials discovery. AI can be used to improve computational efficiency and accuracy, and mathematical models can be used to understand the behavior of materials. This paper summarizes several important applications such as microstructure property prediction, materials design, failure analysis and manufacturing process optimization. The synergy between physics-based modeling and machine learning algorithms can bridge the gap between theory and experiment and result in advances in materials informatics and engineering.

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Materials engineering, Machine learning, Computational design, Materials informatics

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Ayurveda is a comprehensive system of medicine that encompasses extensive knowledge related to health, disease prevention, environmental factors, and toxicology. Among its eight specialized branches, Agada Tantra is dedicated to the study of poisons (Visha), their effects on the human body, and their management. The Ayurvedic concept of Visha includes a wide spectrum of toxic substances capable of producing local as well as systemic manifestations. The skin (Twak), being the largest and most exposed organ of the body, is particularly susceptible to toxic insults resulting from direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or chronic exposure to poisonous substances. Classical Ayurvedic texts describe various categories of poisons, including Sthavara Visha (plant and mineral poisons), Jangama Visha (animal poisons), Garavisha (artificial or compound poisons), Dushivisha (cumulative or latent toxins), and Upavisha (semi-poisonous substances). Exposure to Sthavara Visha often manifests as inflammatory skin reactions comparable to contact dermatitis, while Jangama Visha may present with urticarial and allergic skin manifestations. Furthermore, the concepts of Dushivisha and Garavisha closely resemble modern toxicological conditions arising from prolonged exposure to pesticides, industrial chemicals, environmental pollutants, cosmetic products, occupational hazards, and other cumulative toxins. Dermatological manifestations such as erythema, itching, swelling, discoloration, rashes, vesicles, ulceration, and various forms of Twak Vikara serve as important indicators in the diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of toxic exposure. Ayurvedic literature provides detailed descriptions of these manifestations along with their pathogenesis and therapeutic management. Among the various antidotal formulations described in Agada Tantra, Panchashirisha Agada is regarded as one of the most effective remedies for Vishajanya Vyadhi due to its potent Vishaghna (anti-toxic), Kushthaghna (anti-dermatotic), Kandughna (anti-pruritic), Twachya (skin-beneficial), Varnya (complexion-enhancing), and Shothaghna (anti-inflammatory) properties. It can be administered both internally and externally depending on the clinical presentation. This review aims to explore the dermatological manifestations associated with various forms of Visha described in Ayurveda and correlate them with contemporary dermatological and toxicological concepts. Integrating classical Ayurvedic knowledge with modern scientific understanding may contribute to improved identification, prevention, and management of toxin-induced skin disorders and highlight the clinical relevance of Agada Tantra in present-day healthcare.

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 Keywords

Agada Tantra, Visha, Jangama Visha, Dermatological Manifestations, Twak Vikara, Panchashirisha Agada, Toxicology, Ayurvedic Dermatology, Vishaghna Chikitsa.

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Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is the most prevalent enzymatic disorder of red blood cells worldwide, affecting approximately 400 million individuals. The condition assumes particular clinical significance during the neonatal period because it is a major cause of severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, kernicterus, and, in extreme cases, neonatal mortality. G6PD deficiency is inherited as an X-linked recessive disorder caused by mutations in the G6PD gene, resulting in reduced enzyme activity and increased susceptibility of erythrocytes to oxidative stress. Neonates with G6PD deficiency often appear healthy at birth but may rapidly develop jaundice within the first few days of life. Early diagnosis through neonatal screening programs and prompt management are crucial for preventing irreversible neurological damage. This review examines the genetic basis, pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, neonatal screening strategies, and current management practices associated with G6PD deficiency in neonates. The paper also highlights the importance of universal newborn screening in regions with high disease prevalence and discusses future perspectives in precision neonatal care.

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G6PD deficiency, neonate, neonatal jaundice, hyperbilirubinemia, hemolytic anemia, newborn screening, kernicterus.

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This paper strives to establish the case of Valve's Half Life 2 is a piece of interactive media that excellently portrays the Foucauldian construct of the panopticon. The videogame was released to the public in 2004, and features the continuation of the escapades of Gordon Freeman, the heroic scientist who dons the now iconic HEV suit and is controlled by the human player. Half Life 2 shows earth that has been subjugated by an alien collective called the 'Combine'. They use human collaborators in this process of subjugation that the player gets to witness and even experience over the course of the game. The player is hunted by Combine's police and soldiers throughout the game. Foucault's Panopticism represents a besieged society that grovels under the oppressive domination of a syndic or agent who represents the cruel and fearsome reigning authority. The most appropriate forms for the panopticon are that of a town or a prison that has towering over it the seat of the oppressor who has eyes and ears everywhere with an elaborate intelligence network. This paper holds that Half Life 2 lets the player experience through its gameplay what such an oppressive society looks like.

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Panopticism, Surveillance, Policing, Movements, Torture, Control

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UPI Adoption, MSMEs, Cash Flow Management, Financial Inclusion, Digital Payment, Ranchi, Working Capital

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital technology has become an integral part of adolescents' daily lives, providing numerous educational, social, and recreational benefits. However, excessive use of digital technologies such as smartphones, computers, internet-based applications, social media, and video games has emerged as a significant public health concern. Digital technology overuse has been associated with various physical, psychological, social, and academic problems, including sleep disturbances, eye strain, obesity, musculoskeletal disorders, anxiety, depression, social isolation, and poor academic performance. Despite these adverse consequences, adolescents often lack adequate knowledge regarding the ill effects of excessive digital technology use and its preventive measures. Therefore, educational interventions such as structured teaching programmes may play a vital role in improving awareness and promoting healthy digital practices among adolescents. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding digital technology overuse and its ill effects among adolescents in a selected high school at Mangaluru. Objectives: 1) To assess the pre-test level of knowledge regarding digital technology overuse and its ill effects among adolescents. 2) To evaluate the effectiveness of a structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding digital technology overuse and its ill effects among adolescents. 3) To determine the association between pre-test knowledge scores and selected demographic variables of adolescents. Materials and Methods: An evaluative research approach with a quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the study. The study was conducted among 70 adolescents aged 13-15 years studying in a selected high school at Mangaluru. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire developed by the investigator. Following the pre-test, a structured teaching programme on digital technology overuse and its ill effects was administered. The post-test was conducted on the eighth day using the same questionnaire. The reliability coefficient of the tool was 0.78. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics such as paired t-test and Chi-square test. Results and Findings: The findings revealed that all adolescents (100%) had poor knowledge regarding digital technology overuse and its ill effects in the pre-test. Following the structured teaching programme, 91.42% of adolescents attained good knowledge and 8.58% attained average knowledge. The overall mean knowledge percentage increased from 24.94% in the pre-test to 73.77% in the post-test. The paired t-test showed a statistically significant improvement in knowledge (t = 65.22, p < 0.05), indicating that the structured teaching programme was highly effective. A significant association was found between pre-test knowledge scores and source of information, whereas no significant association was observed with other demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that adolescents had inadequate baseline knowledge regarding digital technology overuse and its ill effects. The structured teaching programme significantly improved their knowledge, demonstrating its effectiveness as an educational intervention. The findings highlight the importance of implementing school-based health education programmes to promote responsible digital technology use and prevent technology-related health problems among adolescents.

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Structured Teaching Programme, Digital Technology Overuse, Ill Effects, Adolescents, Knowledge, Health Education, School Health, Effectiveness.

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The completion of the Human Genome Project (HGP) catalyzed a paradigm shift in molecular medicine, transitioning healthcare from reactive treatments to proactive, personalized interventions. However, this "Genetic Revolution" has simultaneously introduced profound ethical and existential tensions, as the ability to map the human blueprint outpaces our philosophical framework for interpreting it. Central to this tension is the shift from biological mystery to data-driven certainty; therefore, this paper investigates a critical inquiry: How does the integration of genomic data from the Human Genome Project challenge the Heideggerian conception of "authentic" human existence and individual autonomy through the lens of genetic determinism? Utilizing Martin Heidegger's phenomenological framework, the study explores the risk of "enframing" the human subject as a mere "standing reserve" of biological information. By evaluating the hierarchical implications at the individual, societal, and species levels--from the rise of "genomic capitalism" to the "market-driven eugenics" of the genetic supermarket--the research argues that biological reductionism threatens to undermine the "potentiality-for-being" essential to human agency. The findings suggest that true human flourishing in the genomic era requires a synthesis of technical precision and existential stewardship, ensuring that the human genome remains a tool for medical empowerment rather than an inescapable, deterministic script for destiny.

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Human Genome Project, genetic determinism, bioethics, Heideggerian phenomenology, Dasein, molecular medicine, genomic capitalism, authenticity, pharmacogenomics, autonomy

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Logistics cost optimization has become a critical factor in enhancing organizational efficiency and competitiveness in the manufacturing and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector. This study, titled "A Study on Logistics Cost Optimization with Special Reference to Hindustan Unilever Limited", aims to examine the effectiveness of logistics cost optimization practices adopted by the organization and their impact on operational performance. The research focuses on key logistics activities such as transportation management, inventory control, warehousing, route planning, technology adoption, and supply chain coordination. The study is based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from employees through a structured questionnaire, while secondary data were obtained from company records, journals, books, and relevant websites. A descriptive research design was adopted, and statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean, and standard deviation were used for data analysis. The findings reveal that effective transportation planning, warehouse automation, inventory management, and the use of advanced technologies significantly contribute to reducing logistics costs and improving operational efficiency. Employees expressed positive perceptions regarding the organization's logistics practices and their role in cost reduction. The study concludes that continuous monitoring of logistics activities, investment in technology, and employee training can further enhance logistics performance and support sustainable business growth.

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Logistics Cost Optimization, Supply Chain Management, Transportation Management, Inventory Control, Warehouse Management, Operational Efficiency, Hindustan Unilever Limited.

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