Volume 14 | Issue 4 |

 Abstract

भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा: एक समाजशास्त्रीय, दार्शनिक एवं सांस्कृतिक विश्लेषण

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भारतीय ज्ञान परंपरा: एक समाजशास्त्रीय, दार्शनिक एवं सांस्कृतिक विश्लेषण

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The paper is a critical analysis of the correlation between capital punishment and the basic rights of people in the Indian constitutional and legal framework. The paper builds on the political philosophy and penological theory, especially those of Beccaria, Bentham, and Montesquieu, to question the purpose of the death penalty as a measure of deterring crime or a crime of denying humanity. Using a qualitative analysis of three landmark Indian judicial cases of Jagmohan Singh vs. State of U.P. (1972), Yakub Abdul Razak Memon vs. State of Maharashtra (2015), and Mukesh & Anr. vs. State (NCT of Delhi) & Ors. (2017), the paper provides evidence of inconsistencies in the use of the capital penalty as a system. The latest crime rates in the country according to the National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) show that the death penalty has not proved to be effective in curbing high-profile crimes like terror attacks and rape. The article supports a life imprisonment being a more humane, constitutionally valid, and rehabilitative approach to capital punishment in India.

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Capital Punishment, Death Penalty, Individual Liberty, Judicial Inconsistency, Indian Judiciary, Fundamental Rights.

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Transesterification, waste cooking oil, purification of glycerine, activated carbon, sustainable chemical engineering, circular economy.

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Classroom and Timetable Scheduling has become an increasing part of the educational environment, as modern educational institutions have found that efficient use of classrooms and automating the timetable improves the overall academic activities and institutional productivity. The increased number of students and the diversity in the structure of courses demand a flexible and accurate timetable generation mechanism in the universities, colleges, and training institutes. This work proposes integrating the optimisation and AI-assisted models to generate timetables based on the institutional constraints. The models use the input datasets such as faculty availability, classroom capacity, program structure, student group distribution, and departmental regulations to successfully generate conflict-free timetables for the academic year. The motivation for this project comes from the challenges faced while manually or semi-automatically scheduling timetables. The issues with manual scheduling occur mainly because of the high complexity of the constraints, dynamic changes that may occur, and the lack of uniformity across different institutions. When it comes to automatic scheduling, the issues remain the same, but in addition to that, the system fails to provide a rationale for the generated schedule. The data inconsistencies and low generalizability of the timetable generation across institutions also pose a challenge. Another issue is the lack of a system that can bridge the gap between timetable generation and actual classroom management. The proposed system incorporates an AI-assisted optimisation with explainability and dynamic constraint handling. The proposed design also proposes a classroom-allocation system based on the utilisation of the resource, academic load balancing, and scheduling frequency.

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Smart Classroom Management, Automated Timetable Scheduling, Optimisation Algorithms, Resource Allocation, AI-Driven Academic Planning

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Intercity travel frequently presents challenges such as high transportation costs, limited direct connectivity, inflexible schedules, and inefficient utilization of private vehicles, where many cars travel long distances with empty seats, resulting in wasted fuel, increased traffic congestion, and higher carbon emissions. To address these issues, RideAlong is proposed as a web-based scheduled carpooling platform that intelligently connects drivers and passengers traveling between cities, enabling a more affordable, efficient, and sustainable mobility solution. Drivers can publish trip details including route, departure time, available seats, and cost per seat, while passengers can search for rides based on location, date, and preferences, and instantly book available seats through a seamless interface. The platform integrates secure OTP verification during registration and booking processes to ensure authenticated users and prevent fraudulent activities, thereby enhancing trust and safety. Additionally, a comprehensive rating and feedback system allows passengers and drivers to review each other after every trip, promoting accountability, transparency, and continuous service improvement. The cost-sharing mechanism helps drivers offset fuel and toll expenses while offering passengers a budget- friendly alternative to traditional travel options. By optimizing seat occupancy, reducing unnecessary vehicle trips, and fostering secure digital interactions, RideAlong not only improves travel convenience and affordability but also contributes to environmental sustainability by lowering emissions and encouraging shared mobility. Overall, the system establishes a collaborative, reliable, and eco- friendly intercity transportation ecosystem that benefits both drivers and passengers.

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Carpooling, Intercity Travel Ride Sharing Cost Optimization Sustainable Transportation Seat Utilization OTP Verification Online Booking System User Authentication Rating and Feedback System

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This study explores consumer behavior towards fast fashion and sustainable clothing among young individuals in India. Using primary data collected through a structured questionnaire, the research examines purchasing habits, awareness levels, and factors influencing fashion choices. The findings indicate that while a majority of consumers are aware of the environmental impact of fast fashion, their purchasing decisions are primarily driven by affordability, comfort, and trendiness. A significant gap exists between sustainability awareness and actual behavior. The study highlights that high cost, limited availability, and lack of style options are the major barriers to adopting sustainable fashion. The paper concludes that making sustainable fashion more accessible and affordable is essential to encourage responsible consumption.

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Fast fashion, sustainable fashion, consumer behaviour, India, Gen Z, sustainability

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Tribal societies of Chhattisgarh have traditionally relied on locally available animal resources to fulfill their nutritional requirements. These animal-based food sources play a vital role in providing high-quality proteins, essential amino acids, fats, vitamins, and micronutrients necessary for growth, immunity, and overall health. In remote tribal regions, where access to market-based food systems is limited, traditional dietary practices ensure food security and resilience. The present study explores the diversity of animal resources consumed in tribal areas of Chhattisgarh, their zoological classification, and nutritional significance. The study is based on a synthesis of secondary data, published ethnozoological literature, and observational analysis. Findings indicate that animal resources significantly contribute to the prevention of protein-energy malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies. The study emphasizes the need to preserve indigenous food knowledge and integrate it into sustainable nutrition and development strategies.

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Keywords: Tribal nutrition, Ethnozoology, Animal-based food, Chhattisgarh, Nutritional security

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Abstract In an increasingly interconnected yet inequitable world, the pursuit of equity through public policy has become a central challenge for governments. While equality aims for uniform treatment, equity demands targeted interventions to achieve just outcomes, addressing historical and structural disadvantages faced by marginalized groups. This paper conducts a comparative analysis of global inclusion frameworks to evaluate their efficacy in promoting substantive equity. It examines three distinct policy models: the Universalist Welfare State (exemplified by the Nordic countries), the Multiculturalism Model (focusing on Canada), and the Developmental State with Affirmative Action (examining Rwanda's post-conflict framework). Through a qualitative, comparative case study methodology, this research analyzes policy documents, legislative frameworks, and secondary data on socio-economic outcomes. The analysis is structured around four key dimensions: conceptual foundations (equality vs. equity), policy instruments and implementation, outcomes and impact measurement, and contextual adaptability. The findings reveal that no single model is universally superior; rather, effectiveness is contingent on the alignment between policy design, historical context, and institutional capacity. The Nordic model excels in economic redistribution but faces challenges in recognizing ethnic diversity. Canada's multiculturalism fosters cultural recognition but shows gaps in addressing economic disparities. Rwanda's targeted approach has rapidly improved gender parity but operates within a politically constrained environment. The paper concludes that the most effective equity frameworks are hybrid, context-sensitive, and dynamically integrate redistributive measures with recognition politics to address the multifaceted nature of marginalization.

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Keywords: Equity in Public Policy, Comparative Policy Analysis, Social Inclusion Frameworks, Affirmative Action, Multiculturalism

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Dry Eye Syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability and inflammatory changes, presenting with symptoms such as dryness, burning sensation, foreign body sensation, redness, and ocular fatigue. In Ayurveda, DES correlates with Shushkakshipaka, caused mainly by vitiation of Vata and Pitta Doshas. Conventional treatment with artificial tears like Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) provides symptomatic relief but has limited long-term benefits. This randomized, controlled clinical study evaluated the add-on effect of Bhringarajaadi Tail Pratimarsha Nasya with CMC 0.5% eye drops in DES. Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Group A received Bhringarajaadi Tail Pratimarsha Nasya along with CMC eye drops, while Group B received CMC eye drops alone for 15 days. Subjective symptoms and objective parameters (TBUT and Schirmer-I test) were assessed. Statistical analysis using paired t-test, unpaired t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test showed highly significant improvement in both groups (p < 0.001), with Group A demonstrating superior results. The study concludes that the integrative approach is more effective and safe in the management of Dry Eye Syndrome.

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Dry Eye Syndrome; Shushkakshipaka; Bhringarajaadi Tail Nasya; Carboxymethylcellulose; Tear Film Break-Up Time; Schirmer Test; Integrative Ophthalmology

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This research paper explores investor behavior toward sustainable and impactful investments in the context of eastern Uttar Pradesh. It primarily aims to analyze investment volumes across different demographic groups, primarily age and income levels, and the role of behavioral biases such as hardening, gambling, over and loss aversion in investment decisions. This research paper uses primary data collected from 233 respondents and secondary data related to equity markets, behavioral finance, and financial markets relevant to the topic, including data from official websites and various research papers. The data revealed strong investor participation and the relevance of behavioral bias on investment decisions, as most investors acknowledged being environmentally influenced. Environmentally conscious sectors are increasingly appealing to investors, and a significant portion of their investments are focused on these investments when designing their portfolios. Along with financial returns, the desire to create positive environmental and social impact is emerging as a key motivating factor for investors. While many investors recognize the importance of aligning investments with personal values, there are varying levels of awareness and uncertainty about the financial performance of long-term investments among investors. Overall, this paper provides important insights into the shaping of investment practices in developing regions like eastern Uttar Pradesh and the growing relevance of value-based investments.

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Behavioral Biases, Sustainable Investment, Investor Behavior, ESG, Eastern Uttar Pradesh

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