Volume 6 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

In Wireless Sensor Network system Energy Consumption and Life time are the major design issues. Because sensors are usually battery operated; Hence optimization of Energy is very much required to increase the node life time as well as network life time too. Which indirectly improves the performance of the network. Meta heuristic algorithms are one of the best suitable way to optimize in wireless sensor networks (WSN). The proposed algorithm is to analyze the life time and minimizes the energy consumption of the network based on the meta- heuristic algorithm. Clustering is the most prominent data analysis technique to identify homogeneous groups of objects based on the values of their attributes. For clustering, the energy of each individual nodes assume to be similar to that of the light intensity of fireflies in FA algorithm. The movement nature of firefly in FA algorithm is similar to change the location of the cluster head. The movement of less attractive fireflies towards more attractive fireflies is similar to clustering of less energy nodes towards the higher energy nodes. The proposed energy optimization algorithm based on metaheuristic algorithm like firefly which is seen to provide better performance than the traditional direct transmission and LEACH ( Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocols. The proposed model improves the lifetime of the network and residual energy of the wireless sensor network.

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 Keywords

Keywords : WSN, LEACH, Direct Transmission, Cluster Head Selection, meta heuristic algorithms, Firefly algorithm.

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 Abstract

Indian leather industry is the core strength of the Indian footwear industry. It is the engine of growth for entire Indian leather industry and India is the second largest global producer of footwear after china. It accounts for 13% of overall global footwear production of 16 billion pairs. India produces 2065 million pairs of different categories of footwear which includes leather footwear of 909 million pairs, leather shoe uppers of 100 million pairs and non-leather footwear of 1056 million pairs. India exports about 115 million pairs. Hence, nearly 95% of its production goes to meet its own domestic demand. Reputed global brands like Florsheim, Nunn bush; Stacy Adams, Gabor, Clarks, Nike, Reebok, Ecco, Deichmann, Elefanten, St Michaels, Hasley, Salamander and Colehaan are manufactured under license in India. Besides many global retail chains seeking quality products at competitive prices are actively sourcing footwear in India. However, if we take into consideration the leather and leather products export of India; Indian footwear sector has a significant position in the leather industry. Out of the total exports of USD 4,868.71 million 42.67% constitutes of footwear followed by leather goods, which constitutes 22.35% and is far below the footwear segment. In this paper we are going to find out the scope of footwear in Indian leather export performance. In this paper we are also trying to throw a light on the percentage change in footwear exports with respect to previous years and we have also defined the factors which are responsible for these changes.

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 Keywords

Leather exports, Footwear Exports, Leather Footwear

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Shigru, Moringa oleifera Lam., Ayurveda, Medicinal Plant

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 Abstract

The effect of temperature on whole animal body oxygen consumption and protein, carbohydrate content in tissue (Haemolymph) of Barytelphusa guerini was determined at cold, warm and normal temperatures. Oxygen consumption increased under warm condition and decreased under cold condition. In haemolymph, carbohydrates were found to be decreased in cold condition and increased in warm condition when compared to normal temperatures. Whereas, the haemolymph, protein levels were found to be decreased in cold condition and increased in warm condition. From the results, it indicated that protein and carbohydrate levels were most important biochemical constituents that came into the action to overcome stressful conditions that generally prevail in Barytelphusa guerini. This study will help to model temperature dependent growth in the field and assist in designing the best possible temperature and diets for crabs.

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 Keywords

Crab, Temperature, Oxygen Consumption, Haemolymph, Carbohydrate, Protein.

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 Abstract

Large grocery stores are nowadays used by millions of people for the acquisition of an enlarging number of products. Product acquisition represents a complex process that comprises time spent in corridors, product location and checkout queues. On the other hand, it is becoming increasingly difficult for retailers to keep their clients loyal and to predict their needs due to the influence of competition and the lack of tools that discriminate consumption patterns. Now days purchasing and shopping at big malls is becoming a daily activity in metro cities. We can see huge rush at malls on holidays and weekends. The rush is even more when there are special offers and discount. People purchase different items and put them in trolley. After total purchase one needs to go to billing counter for payments. At the billing counter the cashier prepares the bill using bar code reader which is a time- consuming process and results in long queues at billing counters. Our aim is to develop a system that can be used in shopping malls to solve the above- mentioned challenge. The system will be placed in all the trolleys. It will consist of a RFID reader. All the products in the mall will be equipped with RFID tags. When a person puts any products in the trolley, its code will be detected and the price of those products will be stored in memory. As we put the products, the costs will get added to total bill. Thus, the billing will be done in the trolley itself. Item name and its cost will be displayed on TOUCH SCREEN. All the products can be seen in the application in our mobile by using a WIFI-MODULE. In this project it is presented the proposal of an architecture and solution of an innovative system for the acquisition of products in grocery stores (Intelligent Cart). The Intelligent Cart explores emerging mobile technologies and automatic identification technologies (such as RFID) as a way to improve the quality of services provided by retailers and to augment the consumer value thus allowing to save time and money.

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 Keywords

RFID Reader, RFID Tag, Arduino UNO, LCD, Wi-Fi Module.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Multilevel inverters have recently found its way in to the high power applications in both domestic and industrial fields with its ability of low switching frequency. Out of all the topologies of a multilevel inverter, the cascaded H-bridge inverter is most commonly used due to its modular topology. This inverter is called the developed cascaded multilevel inverter. In order to generate all voltage levels (even and odd) at the output, four different algorithms are proposed to determine the magnitude of dc voltage sources. The ability of the proposed inverter to generate all voltage levels (even and odd) is reconfirmed by using the experimental results of a 5-level inverter. The switching is done by PIC microcontroller. Topology is designed with minimum size, weight & reduced power losses.

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 Keywords

cascaded H-bridge , multilevel inverters

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

A Reverse Power Relay is used to Monitor Generators while running in Parallel Condition. The Concept is When First Generator attains synchronous speed then it allows the next Generator to run to feed the power to the Bus. Now, Two Generators Feeds power to the Main Bus in the same direction. If anyone Generator meets any failure like Stator Failure then Prime Mover of the Generator acts as Motor [Like Getting Electrical Power and act Mechanical Power], Now Power From the Healthy Generator feed Power to the Failure Generator through Bus bar. This Action is termed as Motoring Action of the Generator. To Avoid 'Motoring Action', Reverse Power Relay should placed in individual Breaker Reserved for Generator. If Only one Generator in Action for your Plant, then it is not necessary to implement this Relay for the Protection Purpose. If Two Generators having different Rating with bus coupler, doesn't need Reverse Relay Protection. In the past, electromechanical relays were commonly used, now such relays have been replaced with high accuracy and high speed digital relays using Micro controllers. Fast operation of relay is desirable, particularly for such type of faults which could lead to system blackout. Digital relays offer other advantages also, in term of multiple variable settings and compact size.

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 Keywords

Reverse power relays, Relay Modeling, Digital relays

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 Abstract

The use of ground water has increased significantly in the last decades due to its widespread occurrence and overall good quality. The present study aims at determining the suitability of ground water quality for drinking purpose at selected locations in Bhojpur. Groundwater is the main source of drinking water in Bhojpur. The Bhojpur polluted both surface and groundwater by discharging their wastes. Hence the present study has been undertaken to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of groundwater in some selected locations of Bhojpur. Various water samples were taken at three different locations. The samples are analysed for physico-chemical parameters. The results were compared with drinking water standards of Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organisation Standards (WHO 2011). Further the correlation studies among the different parameters of water were estimated. Geochemical characteristics and arsenic content of ground water in the Bhojpur were analyzed. Ground water is the local source of drinking water mainly used for bathing and farming purposes. The results indicate that total arsenic in ground water range between 225 to 876 and 0.3 to 656.9 ?g/L, respectively. Speciation of arsenic suggests arsenite the dominant arsenic. The variations of Br/Cl and B/Cl ratio, negative ORP (Oxygen Redox Potential) and high concentrations of Cl, Na, Cs, Li, Rb, Sr, B, Br and Rb in travertine spring samples confirm deep groundwater circulation in the basement. The results of saturation indices show that groundwater samples are super saturated with respect to iron oxides, calcite, dolomite, aragonite and under saturated with respect to gypsum and halite. Dissolution of arsenic-containing sulfide minerals is not the main source of arsenic contamination in groundwater.

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 Keywords

Ground Water, Surface Water, Physico-Chemical Parameters, Arsenic, Health.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

article is in hindi so see the main article for abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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article is in hindi so see the main article for key words

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 Abstract

In this paper we propose a system which serves as a communication medium between partially impaired (deaf-mute) people and an ordinary person by making use of Sign language Interpretation (SLI) technique. Human Computer Interaction (HMI) is a decent way to benefit partially impaired person to interact with an ordinary person with the assistance of a computer. Thus we propose a method to recognize the hand gestures used in the sign language and then convey the meaning of the sign language in the speech form. The system extracts meaningful characteristics from the figures, such as angles between fingers, to achieve a high-accuracy, which uses a classifier to decide which gesture is being performed. We show that our approach allows recognizing 26 static hand gestures of American Sign Language each of English vocabulary A-Z and digits 0-9 along successfully.

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 Keywords

Sign language interpretation -SLI , Human machine interaction -HMI , American sign language -ASL

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition