Volume 5 | Issue 1 | March

 Abstract

Integrated optics is a system of light-controlling components combined into a single device. The ultimate aim is to create miniature optical circuits similar to the silicon chips that have revolutionized the electronics industry. However, there exists a growing interest in the development of more and more complex integrated optical devices. In IOS we distinguish between optical integrated circuits, which perform functions similar to electronic circuits in communications systems, and planar optical devices, which are integrated optical systems other than communication systems. The advantage of the optical approach however is that data can be processed at much higher speeds. The goal of Integrated Optical Sensor (IOS) is to develop miniaturized optical devices of high functionality on a common substrate. The state-of-the-art of integrated optics is still far behind its electronic counterpart. Today, only a few basic functions are commercially feasible. The transmission and processing of signals carried by optical beams rather than by electrical currents or radio waves. When the development of the laser first provided a stable source of coherent light for such applications.

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 Keywords

IOS, Integrated Circuits, Optics, Optical beams, coherent light

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 Abstract

Now-a-days, security is a major concern in every region The Wireless Sensor Network is also facing many security problems due to processing power, storage resource, bandwidth and communication ability to expose inside activity and possible attacks. These problems raise severe concerns and points toward necessity to find suitable techniques to provide security to the network. This paper presents various types of attacks on Wireless Sensor Networks.

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 Keywords

Security, Wireless sensor network, Attacks

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In GPS the satellite signal is easily disturbed by the objects in the surroundings of receiver which reduces the accuracy in amplitude and phase of the receiving signal. As a result of the reflections of the signals, carrier phase multipath is caused which is the major problem at GPS receivers. Multipath is the propagation phenomenon in which the signals received by antenna other than line of sight signal is called multipath signal . Multipath signal is superimposed on the direct signal. GPS receivers provide the signal to noise ratio (SNR) used for estimation of multipath errors. Signal Quality Measurement is used for computation of phase error in the signal. In this paper we are using MUSIC algorithm to calculate the multipath parameter i.e amplitude and multipath phase. We are estimating the errors that are occurred due to the multipath which is further used to improve GPS signal precession.

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 Keywords

global positioning system (GPS), MUSIC (Multiple Signal Classification), signal to noise ratio (SNR), signal quality, multipath.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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VANET, Cluster based reliable routing, RSU, Cluster Controller.

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Copper, Bone-implants, Reviews, Material engineering, Review analysis, Meta Analysis

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Mostly both young and old get back pain, but if it is not treated in time the disease takes a permanent shape. Ladies suffer back ache to a great extent during the period of menstruation and pregnancy. It is also possible that this pain may result in fever if the pain is excessive. Lower back pain is muscle tension (or) stiffness localized below the costal margin and above the inferior glutel folds with (or) without leg pain (or) discomfort pain in the region of the back (or) spine. Pain felt in your lower back may come from the spine, muscles, nerve (or) other Back pain can be result of Poor posture, Back strain from poorly designed furniture, Weak back and stomach muscles due to lack of exercise Yoga is a powerful art with incredible healing power. Many incurable and longstanding diseases can be cured through yoga. The yoga treatment is scientific .se, structures in that region etc Yoga is a safe and effective alternative form of medicine for back pain. It helps stretch and strengthens the muscle of the back, abdomen muscle, extremities reduce the tension, increase the flexibility, promotes respiratory and cardio vascular function and maintain posture .It is also reduce risk of disabilities. It increases awareness of the body and how to keep health body. It build muscle mass and maintain muscle strength which protect from lower back pain. It may be concluded that yoga training had a highly positive impact in management of lower back pain.

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 Keywords

Lower back pain, Yoga , pranayama

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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One of the most important tasks of the government is to manage economy of the country. It has to decide the means and methods to be used towards this. However, this job was taken up by almost all countries only after great depression. In pre depression era, there was faith in laissez Faire model of economy

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sion. In pre depression era, there was faith

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Services marketing is marketing based on relationship and value. It may be used to market a service or a product. Marketing a service-base business is different from marketing a product-base business. Services marketing is a specialized branch of marketing. Services marketing emerged as a separate field of study in the early 1980s, following the recognition that the unique characteristics of services required different strategies compared with the marketing of physical goods. The purpose of this paper is to study the concept, scope and challenges and issues in service marketing. Keywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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eywords:Service marketing, scope, challenges, process, product.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition