Volume 4 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Diabetic-retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. So far the most effective treatment for these eye diseases is early detection through regular screenings. To decrease the cost of such screenings, we employ methods image processing techniques to automatically detect the presence of abnormalities in the retinal images obtained during the screenings. In this paper, we used two methods. First approach is that detection of lesions using minimum distance discriminat (MDD) algorithm with brightness adjustment procedure. Second method is detection of blood vessels using Krisch's method. Experimental results indicate that we are able to achieve 100% accuracy in terms of identifying all the retinal images with exudates while maintaining a 75% accuracy in correctly classifying the truly normal retinal images as normal and also detects the affected blood vessels in the retinal image . This translates to a huge amount of savings in terms of the number of retinal images that need to be manually reviewed by the ophthalmologists.

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Blood Vessels and Lesions Detection in Color Retinal Image

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Rapid and high frequency in vitro multiple shoots and subsequent plantlets were developed in several plant species of arid forestry viz. Anogeissus acuminata, A.pendula, A. latifolia, A.sericea var. nummularia, A.sericea var. sericea, Calligonum polygonoides and Withania coagulans. In Prosopis cineraria, Tecomella undulata, Acacia senegal, Maytenus emerginata, Balanites aegyptiaca, Zizyphus nummularia and Z. mauritiana in vitro multiple shoots were induced at the high rate by using nodal shoot segments from mature trees, but root induction in differentiated shoots were not very high in few species. Dipcadi erythraeum - an endemic and endangered plant is differentiated into plantlet from in vitro cultures. Various explants (cotyledonary nodal segment and epicotyl of Anogeissus spp., nodal and apical shoot segments from mature plants) of 1.5-2.5 cm in length were placed on Murashige and Skoog's 1962(MS) basal medium supplemented with inorganic and organic addenda. Various growth regulators (auxins IAA, IBA, NAA and 2, 4-D and cytokinins; kinetin and BAP) were added from 0.1- 5.0 mg/l either alone or in combination to induce multiple shoots. Differentiated shoots could be further multiplied on fresh medium. Isolated shoots were rooted on MS basal and MS half strength basal salts medium with various concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA. Plantlets of Anogeissus spp., Calligonum polygonoides, Withania coagulans and Dipcadi erythraeum were transferred into pots. . (N. S. Shekhawat et al. 1993,Rathore et al 1991,kaur et al 1992)

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BIOTECHNOLOGY-A NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR CONSERVATION OF ARID REGION PLANTS

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The present study has been undertaken to study the effects of different socio-economic and demographic factors on the fertility behaviour in District Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh. A total sample comprises 150 households, out of which 75 households (sampled couples 87) were selected from rural area and 75 households (sampled couples 77) were selected from the urban area in District Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh. Step wise forward regression analysis was applied to examine the effect of social, economic and demographic variables on total number of children ever born (TCEB) of the sampled women. In rural area the result of regression shows that total male surviving children was alone responsible for the 28 percent of variation in total no. of children ever born. Step wise regression analysis for rural area shows by including explanatory variable increases the value of R2 i. e. age of wife at the time of marriage 21 years or more to 40 percent, age of wife at the time of marriage 18 to 20 years to 48 percent, no. of children dead to 56 percent, education of wife above senior secondary school complete to 58 percent, wife working in private sector to 60 percent, husband working in private sector to 62 percent, decision about no. of children taken by both husband and wife to 64 percent, wife working in Government sector to 66 percent and duration of effective marriage 21 years or above to 67.5 percent. In urban area the result of regression shows that total male surviving children was alone responsible for the 26 percent of variation in total no. of children ever born. Step wise regression analysis for urban area shows by including explanatory variable increases the value of R2 i. e. duration effective marriage 21 or above to 37 percent, age of wife at the time of marriage 21 years or more to 44 percent, elders take decision about son preference to 48 percent, age of wife at the time of marriage 18 to 20 years to 50 percent, duration of effective marriage 6 to 10 years to 53 percent, duration of effective marriage 16 to 20 years to 56 percent, duration of effective marriage 11 to 15 years to 60 percent, husband working in Government sector to 63 percent and no. of children dead increase the value of R2 to 65 percent.

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Fertility behaviour, regression analysis, total number of children ever born.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a three-week yoga training program on badminton players' physical and psychological performance. A total of 30 badminton players, aged between 18 and 25 years, participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received the yoga training program, or the control group, which did not receive any additional training. The yoga training program consisted of 60-minute sessions, conducted three times a week for three weeks. The sessions included various yoga postures, breathing exercises, and meditation techniques. The physical performance of the participants was measured using the Badminton-specific endurance shuttle run test (BESRT) and the badminton agility test (BAT). The psychological performance was measured using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. The results of the study showed a significant improvement in the physical performance of the experimental group compared to the control group, as evidenced by the BESRT and BAT scores. In conclusion, a three-week yoga training program can be an effective method of improving the physical and psychological performance of badminton players. The incorporation of yoga into the training programs of badminton players may be beneficial in enhancing their overall performance.

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Yoga training, badminton players, meditation, breathing exercises, mood states, training programs

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In a developing country like India reach of safe fuel for cooking is a constant problem particularly for socio-economically weaker sections of society. Intensity of this problem is very high in rural areas in comparison to urban areas. This led to high dependency of rural households on unsafe fuel for cooking such as fuel wood, cow dung cake and coal. The responsibility of collecting fuel wood from village commons and nearby forest areas lies on women and children. This process takes a lot of their energy and time. The smoke from these unsafe fuels emit a lot of harmful gases such as Co2, Co, So2, hydrocarbon and solid particulate matter, which adversely affect the health of women causing many health problems like irritation in eyes, cataract, skin infections, upper respiratory infection, burns etc. This also led to atmospheric pollution and increase in green house gases. NCR lies at the core of India, where a majority of households except Delhi all other sub-regions use unsafe fuel for cooking both in rural and urban areas. Scheduled caste households are at great disadvantage (both in rural and urban areas) in comparison to non-scheduled households in terms of safe fuel for cooking. Availability, socio-economic conditions and urbanisation are major factors deciding the type of fuel used for cooking.

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Fuel for cooking, scheduled caste household, Women, NCR

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Indian arid zone is characterized by high temperature and low and variable precipitation, which limit the scope for high crop productivity. However, these conditions greatly favor the development of high quality produce in a number of fruit crops such as date palm, ber, aonla, pomegranate, kinnow, lasoda and annona. The existing low productivity could be increased by following improved new technologies and inputs. It is now realized that there is a limited scope for quantum jump in fruit production in the traditional production areas. The amelioration of the extreme conditions is also considered vital for life support to the inhabitants of this area. The recent awareness regarding the potential of these ecologically fragile lands for production of quality produce has not only opened up scope for providing nutritional sustainability for the people of this region, but also for bringing in new areas to increase horticultural production (More et al., 2012). The area and yield potential of arid horticultural crops has increased many-fold because of the development of new varieties and agro-techniques in arid region.

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Current Status and Prospects of arid fruit crops in India

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STUDY OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRACTIONAL OPERATORS INVOLVING GENERAL POLYNOMIALS AND A MULTIVARIABLE H-FUNCTION

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STUDY OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL FRACTIONAL OPERATORS INVOLVING GENERAL POLYNOMIALS AND A MULTIVARIABLE H-FUNCTION

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The present study intends to study the metacognitive awareness of secondary school students of high, average and low achievers. Metacognition is a broadly defined concept incorporating cognitive process that refer to monitors or controls any aspect of cognition. It is now seen as a secondary contributor to many aspects of cognition including memory, attention, communication, problem solving and intelligence with important application education. Metacognitive assessment - engaging in a genuine interest in understanding students thinking - offers a novel way, through dialogue, of getting inside of student. The researcher has reviewed previous studies which were related to present study. The present study consist of 500 samples which were selected from the secondary school by using stratified random sampling technique. The present study is a type of survey method of research. The study reveals that the different student achievers (High, Average and Low) have different meta cognitive awareness scores and the different student achievers (High, Average and Low) have different meta knowledge scores. The present study has high significant contribution to the students community interms of improving the metacognitive awareness of secondary school students of high, average and low achievers.

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A Study of Metacognitive Awareness of Secondary School Students of High, Average and Low Achievers

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The use of the Force Constant model to reveal the phonon dispersion relation of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) with chirality (10, 10) is adopted. The qualitative features of the dispersion curve are discussed in detail. Further, from the low wave vector transfer region of the dispersion curve longitudinal acoustic velocity (v_LA = 16 Km/s) and transverse acoustic sound velocity (v_TA= 8 Km/s) have been accessed. A novel method is adopted to evaluate the elastic constants. Additionally, Young modulus, Bulk modulus, Shear modulus, and Poisson's ratio of SWNT have been computed. The numerical value of Young's Modulus is 270.7 GPa and Bulk Modulus is 180.5 GPa. Our results explicitly show that armchair (10, 10) SWNT is mechanically stable. Furthermore, the phonon density of states successfully explains the origin of many phonons branched in the dispersion curve.

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 Keywords

Carbon Nanotube, Phonon dispersion, Force Constant Model, Elastic constants, Mechanical properties

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Unenumerated rights are not expressly enumerated or coded within the frame work of written Constitution. However, these rights are the legal rights inferred from other rights that have been implied by the existing some other sources of written constitution. In the Indian Constitution, unenumerated rights are mainly inferred from Part III and Part IV of the Constitution in the name of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy. For Example Right to travel abroad, Right to privacy, Right to shelter, Right to health, Right to free legal aid, Right against solitary confinement, Right to a speedy trial, Right against handcuffing, Right against inhuman treatment, Right against bonded labor, Right against custodial harassment, Right to emergency medical aid, Right to a fair trial, Right to information, Right to social security, Right to social and economic justice and Right to Environment etc..are unenumerated rights.

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1) Unenumerated Rights. 2) Indian Judiciary. 3) Supreme Court. 4) High Court. 5) Judicial Review. 6) Fundamental Human Rights.

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